Tuesday, 17 February 2015

Czech’s shocked by hospital killings - Text 2

Czech’s shocked by hospital killings


A It was a news report that sent shivers down people’s spines. Since May 2006 a 30-year old nurse had killed eight people and attempted to kill at least nine more at a hospital in eastern Bohemia’s Havlíčkův Brod. There is no indication that his motive was euthanasia – none of the people he killed were suffering from a terminal illness and they were all expected to recover.

B When thirty year old Petr Zelenka started work at the Havlíčkův Brod Hospital as a nurse he seemed like the ideal employee – devoted, enthusiastic and willing to work overtime whenever needed. In his spare time he studied to improve his knowledge of medicine, particularly his knowledge of pharmaceuticals. When he was promoted to a head nurse on night shifts he started applying his knowledge in practice. On nights when he was in charge the entire intensive care unit was in his hands – and he started injecting his victims with heparin – a blood-thinning drug causing internal bleeding when administered in large doses.
Milan Juško who heads the investigation told the media he was certain that the nurse had not been acting as an angel of mercy: “This had nothing to do with euthanasia – this was carefully plannedmurder.”

C The hospital’s head physician Pavel Longin says that the higher number of cases in which patients died as a result of internal haemorrhaging alerted him to the fact that something was wrong: “We were investigating who was on duty at the time. I thought it might be two or three nurses who were new and inexperienced. I thought we would have to watch them very carefully but instead we found that nurse Zelenka figured in every single case and that was definitely very suspect.” The hospital sacked Zelenka in September and reported the incident to the police almost a month later. The nurse, who had in the meantime began work at a hospital in a different Czech town - in Jihlava, was arrested on December 1. There is no indication that he had managed to commit any murders at his new workplace.

D Now, many are questioning how the perpetrator was able to get away with it the long four months – why did it take so long for the hospital and the police to act? The hospital’s director has since been sacked and an investigation is underway to assess whether the police could have sped up the arrest.

E With eight murders and at least nine attempted murders to his name Zelenka could face anything between 15 years in prison and a life sentence. This is one area where the suspect has shown emotion: surprise that in the end he was caught.



dose – dávka
haemorrhaging – krvácení
mercy – milosrdenství
perpetrator – pachatel
sack – propustit ze zaměstnání
sent shivers down people’s spines – leze z toho mráz po zádech
to speed up – urychlit
underway – na cestě



1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.

1 Why did it last so long to find the perpetrator?
2 Petr Zelenka – a devoted nurse or a murderer?
3 Sentence for Zelenka
4 Pavel Longin was searching for the perpetrator
5 Introduction

2) Read the article again and answer the questions.

1 What is the article about?
2 Who is Petr Zelenka?
3 What did he do?
4 How did Pavel Longin search for the perpetrator?
5 What could be the sentence?

3) Explain the following words.

1 euthanasia
2 terminal illness
3 victim
4 nurse
5 attempted murder

4) Answer the following questions.

What is euthanasia? Where can it be applied? Should it be legal? And why? What are types of euthanasia?

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Woman sues hospital for botched abortion - Text 4



Woman sues hospital for botched abortion


A A 26-year-old woman in Jihlava is suing the city hospital for delivering her a healthy child eight years ago, Mladá fronta Dnes reports. “Kateřina,” who found herself pregnant at the age of 18, got an abortion at the Jihlava hospital. However, the doctor, unaware that she was pregnant with twins, accidentally left one child in her womb. She sued the hospital immediately after the child was born.

B Her lawyer, Alena Ostřejšová, said the 300,000 Kč ($18,100) sum Kateřina is asking for is to make up for lost income when she left her job to go on maternity leave following the unwanted birth. After eight years, the court is ready to pass a verdict. “This is an unprecedented case in the Czech Republic. The judge tried to find a similar case in the European courts, but failed,” Ostřejšová said.

C Such things can happen, according to Aleš Roztočil, director of the gynaecological-maternity section of the Jihlava hospital. “It is one of the complications of terminations of pregnancy,” he said. According to the head of the Prague maternity hospital in Podolí, Jaroslav Feyereisl, it is a complication that can happen to inexperienced doctors.

D This is why Kateřina decided to sue the hospital, her lawyer said. “We found out that there have been more such cases. They occur when the doctors don’t do their jobs – I don’t want to say badly, because technically everything was alright – but too routinely and they don’t bother to check their work. We want hospitals to scratch their heads and be more careful. The way they do their jobs affects people’s lives,” Ostřejšová said.

E According to experts, gynaecologists who perform abortions on women with twins can double-check their work with an ultrasound test – which the doctor did not do. At this point, Kateřina’s daughter still doesn’t know that she wasn’t wanted, the lawyer said. “Kateřina has a second child; she’s married. She’s a completely normal mother. She loves her daughter, and you can’t relate that to her demand for money,” Ostřejšová said, adding that the lawsuit is intended as a warning to the hospital. However, psychologist Vacláva Masaková says the child could suffer a terrible shock if she found out about the lawsuit. “It could damage the relationship with her mother and destroy trust. The child could become an introvert,” she said.



double-check – opětovně zkontrolovat
lawsuit – soudní proces
sue –zažalovat
to bother – obtěžovat
unprecedented case – nebývalý případ
womb – děloha

1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.

1 Doctors should be more careful
2 Unprecedented case according to Ostřejšová
3 Kateřina and her child today
4 Introduction
5 Opinions of doctors from Czech maternity hospitals

2) Read the article again and answer the questions.

1 What is the article about?
2 Who is Kateřina? What happened to her?
3 What does her lawyer want?
4 What do the obstetricians say?
5 What does psychologist Vacláva Masaková think?

3) Explain the following words.

1 twins
2 maternity leave
3 unwanted birth
4 ultrasound test
5 introvert

4) Answer the following questions.

What is an abortion? What is a miscarriage? What are reasons for an abortion? Should an abortion be legal or illegal?

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Hospice care for terminally ill

Choose two videos and discribe in 10 sentences:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxk-hSrBlhk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stA1xZ7xahw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stA1xZ7xahw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GWFQ8truSo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPDYI0uSYoI

Monday, 26 January 2015

Birth, abortion, and dying – Vocabulary



Birth, abortion, and dying – Vocabulary


anaesthetics – anestetikum
assisted suicide – asistovaná sebevražda
attempted murder – pokus o vraždu
baby-boomer – člověk narozený při populační explozi
bereavement – ztráta blízké osoby
birth attendant – porodní asistent
birth canal – porodní cesty
birth control methods – metody ke kontole početí
birth defect – poškození při porodu
birth pangs – porodní bolesti
birth trauma – porodní trauma
Caesarean section – císařský řez
cancer – rakovina
childbirth – porod dítěte
consent – souhlas
death penalty – trest smrti
doula – dula
elective abortion – zvolený potrat
embryo – embryo
euthanasia – eutanasie
fear – starch
fertility rate – míra plodnosti
foetus – plod
freebirth – neasistovaný prord
grieving – truchlící
homicide – zabití, vražda
induced – vyvolaný
infant – novorozenec
infertility treatment – léčba neplodnosti
introvert – introvert
maternity leave – mateřská dovolená
midwife – porodní bába
miscarriage – potrat
multiple birth – mnohočetné těhotenství
natural childbirth – přirozený porod
nourishment – výživa
nurse – zdravotní sestra
obstetrician – porodník
obstetrics – porodnictví
offspring – potomek
painkiller – lék proti bolesti
patient – pacient
placenta – placenta
postpartum – poporodní
pregnancy – těhotenství
premature birth – předčasný porod
quadruplets – čtyřčata
relieve pain – ulevit bolesti
siblings – sourozenci
spontaneous abortion – samovolný potrat
spontaneously – samovolně
staff – zaměstnanci
stillbirth – narození mrtvého plodu
sue –zažalovat
suffering – trpící
suicide – sebevražda
surgical birth – chirurgický porod
sustain – udržovat
terminal illness – smrtelná choroba
terminally-ill – smrtelně nemocný
termination – ukončení
the wall of the abdomen – břišní stěna
therapeutic abortion – terapeutický potrat
to alleviate the suffering – ulevit utrpení
triplets – trojčata
twins – dvojčata
ultrasound test – vyšetření ultrazvukem
unassisted childbirth – neasistovaný potrat
unwanted birth – nechtěný porod
uterus – děloha
vagina – vagina
vaginal birth – vaginální porod
victim – oběť
vital signs – životní příznaky
wheelchair – kolečkové křeslo
womb – děloha

Birth, abortion and dying - What do you know about it? 2

Explain the following words.


anaesthetics
assisted suicide
attempted murder
baby-boomer
bereavement
birth attendant
birth canal
birth control methods
birth defect
birth pangs
birth trauma
Caesarean section
cancer
childbirth
consent
death penalty
doula
elective abortion
embryo
euthanasia
fear
foetus
freebirth
homicide
induced
infant
infertility treatment
introvert
maternity leave
midwife
miscarriage
multiple birth
natural childbirth
nourishment
nurse
obstetrician
obstetrics
offspring
painkiller
patient
placenta
postpartum
pregnancy
premature birth
quadruplets
relieve pain
siblings
spontaneous abortion
spontaneously
staff
stillbirth
suffering
suicide
surgical birth
sustain
terminal illness
terminally-ill
termination
the wall of the abdomen
therapeutic abortion
to alleviate the suffering
triplets
twins
ultrasound test
unassisted childbirth
unwanted birth
vaginal birth
victim
vital signs
wheelchair

Birth, abortion and dying - What do you know about it? 1



Answer the following questions.

What is childbirth?
Why are the birth rates in the Czech Republic low?
What are types of births?
What is a multiple birth?
How are Czech hospice centres financed?
Where do they get money from?
Have you ever been to a hospice?
Who works in a hospice?
What are typical illnesses of the people staying in a hospice?
What is an abortion?
What is a miscarriage?
What are reasons for an abortion?
Should an abortion be legal or illegal?
What is euthanasia?
Where can it be applied?
Should it be legal? And why?
What are types of euthanasia?
What is a death?
What are causes of death?
What are types of death?

Birth, abortion, and dying – Study material



Birth, abortion, and dying – Study material

Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring. The offspring is brought forth from the mother.

  • Childbirth is the process at the end of a human pregnancy that results in a baby being born.
  • Natural childbirth is the technique of minimizing medical intervention, particularly anaesthetics, during childbirth.
  • Unassisted childbirth (UC) is birth without the aid of medical or professional birth attendants. Also known as freebirth.
  • Multiple birth is the birth of two (twins), three (triplets), four (quadruplets), etc., babies resulting from a single pregnancy.
  • Birth canal is the term used for the vagina during birth, as it is the route through which the infant passes during a vaginal birth.
  • Caesarean section or C-Section is surgical birth through the wall of the abdomen.
  • Birth pangs are the pains felt by the mother during labour, resulting from contractions of the uterus and pressure on nerves and organs.

Birth control methods are devices, medications or behaviour patterns to reduce the probability of pregnancy.
Placenta is the organ in most mammals that provides the nourishment of the foetus and the elimination of its waste products.
Midwife is the term for a health care provider that provides at home health care for expecting mothers, delivers baby during birth, and provides postpartum care.
Birth doula is the term for a labour assistant that provides emotional support, physical comfort measures, and other assistance to expecting mothers, partners, families, and baby before, during, and after childbirth. A postpartum doula provides support after birth, and specializes in postpartum care for mother and infant, infant attachment, and other newborn care.

Complications

Infertility treatments are devices, medications, or behaviours patterns to increase the probability of pregnancy.
Premature birth is the birth of an infant before the full term of pregnancy.
Birth defect is a physical or mental abnormality present at the time of birth.
Stillbirth is the birth of a dead foetus or infant.
Birth trauma is a theory in Pre & Perinatal psychology and natural medicine that the baby experiences extreme pain during the birthing process and that this pain influences the child later in life.

Complications may cause a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion to occur.

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of a foetus or embryo from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death. An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced, in humans and other species. In the context of human pregnancies, an abortion induced to preserve the health of the gravida (pregnant female) is termed a therapeutic abortion, while an abortion induced for any other reason is termed an elective abortion. The term abortion most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy, while spontaneous abortions are usually termed miscarriages.

Reason for abortion: family size, financial issues, genetic factors, mental health reasons, my age (too young or old), my education, my personal reasons for not wanting a child, physical health reasons, problems with my relationship, rape/incest

Euthanasia refers to the practice of ending a life in a manner which relieves pain and suffering. Euthanasia is categorized in different ways, which include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary and active or passive. Euthanasia is usually used to refer to active euthanasia, and in this sense, euthanasia is usually considered to be criminal homicide, but voluntary, passive euthanasia is widely non-criminal.

  • Voluntary euthanasia – is conducted with the consent of the patient. Voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. When the patient brings about his or her own death with the assistance of a physician, the term assisted suicide is often used instead.
  • Non-voluntary euthanasia – is conducted where the consent of the patient is unavailable. Examples include child euthanasia, which is illegal worldwide but decriminalised under certain specific circumstances in the Netherlands under the Groningen Protocol.
  • Involuntary euthanasia – is conducted against the will of the patient.

Death is the termination of the biological functions that sustain a living organism.
Causes of death in humans as a result of intentional activity include suicide, homicide and war. From all causes, roughly 150,000 people die around the world each day.

Physiological death is now seen as less an event than a process: conditions once considered indicative of death are now reversible. Where in the process a dividing line is drawn between life and death depends on factors beyond the presence or absence of vital signs. In general, clinical death is neither necessary nor sufficient for a determination of legal death. A patient with working heart and lungs determined to be brain dead can be pronounced legally dead without clinical death occurring. Precise medical definition of death, in other words, becomes more problematic, paradoxically, as scientific knowledge and medicine advance.

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