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Showing posts with label Birth and Dying. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Birth and Dying. Show all posts
Thursday, 19 March 2015
Tuesday, 17 March 2015
Tuesday, 17 February 2015
Czech’s shocked by hospital killings - Text 2
Czech’s shocked by hospital killings
A It was a news report that sent
shivers down people’s spines. Since May 2006 a 30-year old nurse had
killed eight people and attempted to kill at least nine more at a hospital in
eastern Bohemia’s
Havlíčkův Brod. There is no indication that his motive was euthanasia – none of
the people he killed were suffering from a terminal illness and they were all
expected to recover.
B When thirty year old Petr Zelenka started work at the Havlíčkův Brod
Hospital as a nurse he seemed
like the ideal employee – devoted, enthusiastic and willing to work overtime
whenever needed. In his spare time he studied to improve his knowledge of
medicine, particularly his knowledge of pharmaceuticals. When he was promoted
to a head nurse on night shifts he started applying his knowledge in practice.
On nights when he was in charge the entire intensive care unit was in his hands
– and he started injecting his victims with heparin – a blood-thinning drug
causing internal bleeding when administered in large doses.
Milan Juško who heads the
investigation told the media he was certain that the nurse had not been acting
as an angel of mercy: “This had
nothing to do with euthanasia – this was carefully plannedmurder.”
C The hospital’s head physician Pavel Longin says that the higher number
of cases in which patients died as a result of internal haemorrhaging alerted him to the fact that something was wrong: “We
were investigating who was on duty at the time. I thought it might be two or
three nurses who were new and inexperienced. I thought we would have to watch
them very carefully but instead we found that nurse Zelenka figured in every
single case and that was definitely very suspect.” The hospital sacked Zelenka
in September and reported the incident to the police almost a month later. The
nurse, who had in the meantime began work at a hospital in a different Czech
town - in Jihlava, was arrested on December 1. There is no indication that he
had managed to commit any murders at his new workplace.
D Now, many are questioning how the perpetrator
was able to get away with it the long four months – why did it take so long for
the hospital and the police to act? The hospital’s director has since been sacked and an investigation is underway to assess whether the police
could have sped up the arrest.
E With eight murders and at least nine attempted murders to his name
Zelenka could face anything between 15 years in prison and a life sentence.
This is one area where the suspect has shown emotion: surprise that in the end
he was caught.
dose – dávka
haemorrhaging – krvácení
mercy – milosrdenství
perpetrator – pachatel
sack – propustit ze zaměstnání
sent shivers down people’s spines – leze z toho mráz po zádech
to speed up – urychlit
underway – na cestě
1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.
1 Why did it last so long
to find the perpetrator?
2 Petr Zelenka – a devoted
nurse or a murderer?
3 Sentence for Zelenka
4 Pavel Longin was
searching for the perpetrator
5 Introduction
2) Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 What is the article about?
2 Who is Petr Zelenka?
3 What did he do?
4 How did Pavel Longin
search for the perpetrator?
5 What could be the
sentence?
3) Explain the following words.
1 euthanasia
2 terminal illness
3 victim
4 nurse
5 attempted murder
4) Answer the following questions.
What is euthanasia? Where
can it be applied? Should it be legal? And why? What are types of euthanasia?
Adjusted to:
Woman sues hospital for botched abortion - Text 4
Woman sues hospital for botched abortion
A A 26-year-old woman in Jihlava is suing
the city hospital for delivering her a healthy child eight years ago, Mladá
fronta Dnes reports. “Kateřina,” who found herself pregnant at the age of 18,
got an abortion at the Jihlava hospital. However, the doctor, unaware that she
was pregnant with twins, accidentally left one child in her womb. She sued the hospital immediately
after the child was born.
B Her lawyer, Alena Ostřejšová, said the 300,000 Kč ($18,100) sum Kateřina
is asking for is to make up for lost income when she left her job to go on
maternity leave following the unwanted birth. After eight years, the court is
ready to pass a verdict. “This is an unprecedented
case in the Czech
Republic. The judge tried
to find a similar case in the European courts, but failed,” Ostřejšová said.
C Such things can happen, according to Aleš Roztočil, director of the gynaecological-maternity
section of the Jihlava hospital. “It is one of the complications of
terminations of pregnancy,” he said. According to the head of the Prague maternity hospital
in Podolí, Jaroslav Feyereisl, it is a complication that can happen to
inexperienced doctors.
D This is why Kateřina decided to sue the hospital, her lawyer said. “We
found out that there have been more such cases. They occur when the doctors don’t
do their jobs – I don’t want to say badly, because technically everything was
alright – but too routinely and they don’t bother
to check their work. We want hospitals to scratch their heads and be more
careful. The way they do their jobs affects people’s lives,” Ostřejšová said.
E According to experts, gynaecologists who perform abortions on women
with twins can double-check their work with an ultrasound test – which the
doctor did not do. At this point, Kateřina’s daughter still doesn’t know that
she wasn’t wanted, the lawyer said. “Kateřina has a second child; she’s
married. She’s a completely normal mother. She loves her daughter, and you can’t
relate that to her demand for money,” Ostřejšová said, adding that the lawsuit is intended as a warning to the
hospital. However, psychologist Vacláva Masaková says the child could suffer a
terrible shock if she found out about the lawsuit. “It could damage the
relationship with her mother and destroy trust. The child could become an
introvert,” she said.
double-check – opětovně
zkontrolovat
lawsuit – soudní proces
sue –zažalovat
to bother – obtěžovat
unprecedented case –
nebývalý případ
womb – děloha
1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.
1 Doctors should be more
careful
2 Unprecedented case according
to Ostřejšová
3 Kateřina and her child
today
4 Introduction
5 Opinions of doctors from
Czech maternity hospitals
2) Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 What is the article about?
2 Who is Kateřina? What
happened to her?
3 What does her lawyer want?
4 What do the obstetricians
say?
5 What does psychologist
Vacláva Masaková think?
3) Explain the following words.
1 twins
2 maternity leave
3 unwanted birth
4 ultrasound test
5 introvert
4) Answer the following questions.
What is an abortion? What
is a miscarriage? What are reasons for an abortion? Should an abortion be legal
or illegal?
Adjusted to:
Monday, 26 January 2015
Birth, abortion, and dying – Vocabulary
Birth, abortion, and dying – Vocabulary
anaesthetics – anestetikum
assisted suicide – asistovaná sebevražda
attempted murder – pokus o vraždu
baby-boomer – člověk
narozený při populační explozi
bereavement –
ztráta blízké osoby
birth attendant – porodní asistent
birth canal – porodní cesty
birth control methods – metody ke kontole početí
birth defect – poškození při porodu
birth pangs – porodní bolesti
birth trauma – porodní trauma
Caesarean section – císařský řez
cancer – rakovina
childbirth – porod dítěte
consent – souhlas
death penalty – trest smrti
doula – dula
elective abortion – zvolený potrat
embryo – embryo
euthanasia – eutanasie
fear – starch
fertility rate – míra
plodnosti
foetus – plod
freebirth – neasistovaný prord
grieving –
truchlící
homicide –
zabití, vražda
induced – vyvolaný
infant – novorozenec
infertility treatment – léčba neplodnosti
introvert – introvert
maternity leave – mateřská dovolená
midwife – porodní bába
miscarriage – potrat
multiple birth – mnohočetné těhotenství
natural childbirth – přirozený porod
nourishment – výživa
nurse – zdravotní sestra
obstetrician – porodník
obstetrics – porodnictví
offspring
– potomek
painkiller – lék proti bolesti
patient – pacient
placenta – placenta
postpartum – poporodní
pregnancy – těhotenství
premature birth – předčasný porod
quadruplets – čtyřčata
relieve pain – ulevit bolesti
siblings – sourozenci
spontaneous abortion – samovolný potrat
spontaneously – samovolně
staff – zaměstnanci
stillbirth – narození mrtvého plodu
sue –zažalovat
suffering – trpící
suicide – sebevražda
surgical birth – chirurgický porod
sustain – udržovat
terminal illness – smrtelná choroba
terminally-ill – smrtelně nemocný
termination – ukončení
the wall of the abdomen – břišní stěna
therapeutic abortion – terapeutický potrat
to alleviate the suffering – ulevit utrpení
triplets – trojčata
twins – dvojčata
ultrasound test – vyšetření ultrazvukem
unassisted childbirth – neasistovaný potrat
unwanted birth – nechtěný porod
uterus – děloha
vagina – vagina
vaginal birth – vaginální porod
victim – oběť
vital signs – životní příznaky
wheelchair – kolečkové křeslo
womb – děloha
Birth, abortion and dying - What do you know about it? 2
Explain the following words.
anaesthetics
assisted suicide
attempted murder
baby-boomer
bereavement
birth attendant
birth canal
birth control methods
birth defect
birth pangs
birth trauma
Caesarean section
cancer
childbirth
consent
death penalty
doula
elective abortion
embryo
euthanasia
fear
foetus
freebirth
homicide
induced
infant
infertility treatment
introvert
maternity leave
midwife
miscarriage
multiple birth
natural childbirth
nourishment
nurse
obstetrician
obstetrics
offspring
painkiller
patient
placenta
postpartum
pregnancy
premature birth
quadruplets
relieve pain
siblings
spontaneous abortion
spontaneously
staff
stillbirth
suffering
suicide
surgical birth
sustain
terminal illness
terminally-ill
termination
the wall of the abdomen
therapeutic abortion
to alleviate the suffering
triplets
twins
ultrasound test
unassisted childbirth
unwanted birth
vaginal birth
victim
vital signs
wheelchair
Birth, abortion and dying - What do you know about it? 1
Answer the following questions.
What is
childbirth?
Why are the
birth rates in the Czech
Republic low?
What are types
of births?
What is a
multiple birth?
How are Czech
hospice centres financed?
Where do they
get money from?
Have you ever
been to a hospice?
Who works in a
hospice?
What are typical
illnesses of the people staying in a hospice?
What is an
abortion?
What is a
miscarriage?
What are reasons
for an abortion?
Should an
abortion be legal or illegal?
What is
euthanasia?
Where can it be
applied?
Should it be
legal? And why?
What are types
of euthanasia?
What is a death?
What are causes
of death?
What are types
of death?
Birth, abortion, and dying – Study material
Birth, abortion, and dying – Study material
Birth is the act or
process of bearing or bringing forth
offspring. The offspring is brought forth from the mother.
- Childbirth is the process at the end of a human pregnancy that results in a baby being born.
- Natural childbirth is the technique of minimizing medical intervention, particularly anaesthetics, during childbirth.
- Unassisted childbirth (UC) is birth without the aid of medical or professional birth attendants. Also known as freebirth.
- Multiple birth is the birth of two (twins), three (triplets), four (quadruplets), etc., babies resulting from a single pregnancy.
- Birth canal is the term used for the vagina during birth, as it is the route through which the infant passes during a vaginal birth.
- Caesarean section or C-Section is surgical birth through the wall of the abdomen.
- Birth pangs are the pains felt by the mother during labour, resulting from contractions of the uterus and pressure on nerves and organs.
Birth
control methods are devices, medications or behaviour patterns to
reduce the probability of pregnancy.
Placenta is the organ in
most mammals that provides the nourishment
of the foetus and the elimination of
its waste products.
Midwife is the term for
a health care provider that provides at home health
care for expecting mothers, delivers
baby during birth, and
provides postpartum
care.
Birth
doula is the term for
a labour assistant that provides emotional support, physical comfort measures, and other
assistance to expecting mothers, partners, families, and baby before, during, and
after childbirth. A postpartum doula provides support after birth, and specializes in
postpartum care for mother and infant, infant attachment, and other newborn
care.
Complications
Infertility
treatments are devices, medications, or behaviours patterns to increase the probability of pregnancy.
Premature
birth is the birth of an infant before the full term of pregnancy.
Birth
defect is a physical or mental abnormality present at the time of birth.
Stillbirth is the birth of
a dead foetus or infant.
Birth
trauma is a theory in Pre & Perinatal psychology and natural medicine that
the baby experiences extreme pain during the birthing process and that this
pain influences the child later in life.
Complications may cause a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion to occur.
Abortion is the
termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of a foetus or embryo
from the uterus,
resulting in or caused by its death. An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced, in humans and other species.
In the context of human pregnancies, an abortion induced to preserve the health
of the gravida (pregnant female) is
termed a therapeutic abortion, while an abortion induced for any
other reason is termed an elective abortion. The term abortion most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy,
while spontaneous abortions are
usually termed miscarriages.
Reason
for abortion: family size, financial issues, genetic factors, mental health reasons,
my age (too young or old), my education, my personal reasons for not wanting a
child, physical health reasons, problems with my relationship, rape/incest
Euthanasia refers to the practice of ending a life in a manner
which relieves pain and suffering. Euthanasia is categorized in
different ways, which include voluntary,
non-voluntary, or involuntary and active or passive.
Euthanasia is usually used to refer to active euthanasia, and in this sense,
euthanasia is usually considered to be criminal
homicide, but voluntary, passive euthanasia is widely non-criminal.
- Voluntary euthanasia – is conducted with the consent of the patient. Voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. When the patient brings about his or her own death with the assistance of a physician, the term assisted suicide is often used instead.
- Non-voluntary euthanasia – is conducted where the consent of the patient is unavailable. Examples include child euthanasia, which is illegal worldwide but decriminalised under certain specific circumstances in the Netherlands under the Groningen Protocol.
- Involuntary euthanasia – is conducted against the will of the patient.
Death is the termination of the biological functions that sustain a living organism.
Causes of death in
humans as a result of intentional
activity include suicide, homicide and war. From all causes, roughly 150,000 people die around the world
each day.
Physiological
death is now seen as less an event than a process: conditions once considered
indicative of death are now reversible. Where in the process a dividing line is
drawn between life and death depends on factors beyond the presence or absence of vital
signs. In general, clinical death
is neither necessary nor sufficient for a determination of legal death. A patient with working heart and lungs determined to
be brain dead can be pronounced legally
dead without clinical death occurring. Precise medical definition of death,
in other words, becomes more problematic, paradoxically, as scientific
knowledge and medicine advance.
Adjusted to:
Czech birth-rate rising but population still ageing - Text 1
Czech birth-rate rising but population still ageing
A Exactly a year ago, Radio Prague reported that the Czech Republic was
experiencing something of a baby boom, especially in the summer months when
maternity hospitals around the country were finding it hard to cope with an
unusual number of births. This summer, the situation seems very similar. That
may sound like good news, but demographers say, in the long term, the Czech
population will continue ageing.
B The year 2007 saw the highest number of births in the Czech Republic
since the mid-1990s when the birth-rate took a dive in this country. Over
102,000 babies were born last year and experts agree it is because many of the baby-boomers born in 1974 and 1975 are
having their first children now when they have reached their 30s – unlike
previous generations who had children at a much younger age. Demographers also
say it is quite likely that the women who are now having their first baby will
decide not to have any more children.
C Demographer Terezie Kretschmerová from the Czech Statistical Office says:
“It is very likely that women, who are now in their fertile age, will end up
having fewer children than women who were in their fertile age a few decades
ago. Also, a larger proportion of them will remain childless. If the trends
from 2005 were to continue, up to 37 percent of women would stay childless.”
D Currently there are 1.28 children per woman in a reproductive age,
which makes the Czech
Republic's fertility rate one of the lowest in the world. The average age when
women have their first baby continues to rise, from 26.3 years in 2004 to 26.6
last year. Despite that, the Czech population has been increasing in recent
years, but mainly due to immigration.
E In the year 2007, more than 60,000 foreigners came to live in the Czech Republic
which equals more than half the number of babies born in this country last
year. The Czech Statistical Office also projects that by 2050, the share of
people over the age of 65 in
the population could increase from some 14 percent now to a full one third.
baby-boomer – člověk
narozený při populační explozi
fertility rate – míra
plodnosti
1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.
1 Kretschmerová’s opinion
2 Baby-boomers born in 1974
and 1975 are having their first children
3 The rate of seniors will
have been 33 percent by 2050
4 Baby boom and aging in
the Czech Republic
5 Low fertility rates in
the Czech Republic
2) Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 What is the article about?
2 What do the demographers
say about the birth rate in the Czech
Republic?
3 What does Terezie
Kretschmerová think?
4 What is the fertility
rate in the Czech
Republic?
5 Why were more children
born in the year 2007?
3) Explain the following words.
1 baby boom
2 maternity hospital
3 fertile age
4 childless
5 average age
4) Answer the following questions.
What is childbirth? Why are
the birth rates in the Czech
Republic low? What are
types of births? What is a multiple birth?
Adjusted to:
Euthanasia. Do Czechs care? - Text 3
Euthanasia. Do Czechs care?
A Euthanasia – in the original Greek the word means help in suffering,
both medical and in the mind. The word now applies to the highly controversial
issue of enhancing death on the
request of a patient. Illegal in the Czech Republic, euthanasia became a
topic of discussion and a political issue some ten years ago. Ever since then
it has faded into the background, overshadowed by other events seen as
more urgent. Talking to a few citizens of Prague
about their opinion on euthanasia, I had the impression that many Czechs remain
undecided.
B Supporters and opponents of euthanasia among professionals agree in one
point. They both want to help dying patients. While supporters would prefer to
do so by putting suffering and pain to an immediate end, opponents opt for palliative care, not trying to
keep the patient alive artificially,
but trying to alleviate their suffering as much as possible. Under this
approach, patients are given painkillers and provided professional care at home,
in hospitals or hospices.
C Pavel Boček worked at Paediatric Clinic of Oncology at the Motol Faculty
Hospital for thirteen
years and has always been interested in trying to improve the quality of life
of his terminally ill patients. He agrees with euthanasia but only under
certain circumstances. “If we
are talking about euthanasia we should only talk about adult patients. I was
seeing a patient who was suffering from one kind of cancer. He had numerous
metastases in his body but his brain was clear. He was able to think about the
quality of his life and he was in great pain although he was getting some
anaesthetics.”
D “He was asking us, very directly, to stop his life because he could not
bear to see himself in such a mess and he did not want to see the cancer win.
He wanted to be the winner. From my point of view, we have first to ask the
patient himself, because he is the one we are talking about. We have to focus
on patients who want this to be done, who have a clear mind, and who have this
very specific request”, Pavel Boček added.
E “The main arguments were that doctors cannot decide that this patient
is going to die or not. But my opinion is that it is not the decision of the
doctor. A doctor is only a person who provides that”, says Pavel Buček
once nicknamed “doctor death” because of his views. He makes clear that he
would support legalisation of euthanasia but not before through discussion.
Euthanasia, just like the death penalty, is irreversible and it is necessary to rule out its misuse. People on
the streets seem to fear the same.
artificially – uměle
circumstance – okolnost
enhancing – urychlení
irreversible – nezvratný
to fade – vymizet,
vyblednout
to opt – zvolit
to overshadow – zastínit
undecided – nerozhodný
1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.
1 Need to focus on
patients who want euthanasia
2 Approaches of supporters
and opponents
3 The does not decide but
provides help
4 Introduction
5 Pavel Boček and his
patient
2) Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 What is the article about?
2 What do supporters and
opponents of euthanasia say?
3 Who is Pavel Boček?
4 What does he think?
5 What does he say about
his patient?
3) Explain the following words.
1 painkiller
2 to alleviate the
suffering
3 cancer
4 patient
5 death penalty
4) Answer the following questions.
What is a death? What are
causes of death? What are types of death?
Adjusted to:
The Hope Children’s Hospice - Text 5
The Hope Children’s Hospice
A The Hope Children’s Hospice provides free specialist care for children
with life-limiting conditions who are not expected to live into adulthood. It
cares for up to eight terminally- ill children at one time, and aims to care
for them in the same way their families would care for them at home. When
families prefer to do the caring themselves, a hospice carer will go to their
home and help them.
B Life-limiting conditions present many long-term medical and emotional
problems – not only for the child, but for parents and siblings too. So the
hospice offers respite care – short stays for the child alone or for the whole
family together. At these times, parents hand over responsibilities to the
staff and have a ‘holiday’. Short stays give terminally-ill children an
opportunity to meet others with similar conditions.
C Each
child at the hospice has their own carer and their own care plan. A normal day
might start with a jacuzzi bath
followed by a massage from a complementary therapist. Some children go to
school, while others play with hospice play specialists.
D The hospice has a multi-sensory room. This is
a special room which stimulates the children’s senses with lights, music,
touch, and smell. It has touch-screen computers, video games, paddling pools, and space for
wheelchair dancing. Children have music therapy and can record their own music,
not only as a way to express their feelings, but to leave something for their
family and friends to listen to in the years to come.
E The
hospice has a number of quiet rooms where we care for children during and after
death. These are places where families and friends can say goodbye. Our support
does not end with death. We help not just grieving
parents, but also siblings who are experiencing bereavement. We give everyone opportunities to discuss their fears
about death and dying.
bereavement –
ztráta blízké osoby
grieving –
truchlící
jacuzzi – vířivka
paddling pool –
brouzdaliště
1) Read the article and match each of the headings to a paragraph.
1 Saying goodbye
2 Using the senses
3 A home from home
4 Personal care
5 Helping the family
2) Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 Do children have to stay
at the hospice all the time?
2 How does the hospice help
the children’s families?
3 How many children does
each carer look after?
4 What can children do in
the multi-sensory room?
5 How is music used at the
hospice?
6 How are the special quiet
rooms used?
3) Explain the following words.
1 terminally-ill
2 siblings
3 staff
4 wheelchair
5 fear
4) Answer the following questions.
How are Czech hospice
centres financed? Where do they get money from? Have you ever been to a
hospice? Who works in a hospice? What are typical illnesses of the people
staying in a hospice?
Adjusted to:
GRICE,
Tony. Oxford English for Careers : Nursing 1 Student's Book. Oxford : Oxford
University Press, 2007. The
Hope Children’s Hospice, s. 76.
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